Each Mans Son :: essays papers

Each Mans Son1) Doctor Ainslies role in the community is to take c ar of the injured people of Cape Breton. He industrial plant long hours to keep up with the demand of the patients. He is also precise much respected by everyone in the community.mollie thinks that Doctor Ainslie is a very well educated person. She thinks of Dr. Ainslie as a great role model for her son.2.) Page 27 is saying that whatever the doctor does it is never good equal for him. He is too hard on himself, never being pleased with himself. Doctor Ainslie is hard on the outside but inside he is a very caring person. 3) Dr. Ainslie doesnt think too highly of Archie. He thinks that Archie is non very smart and that he deserted his family.4) I believe that Alan is not dependent on his father for everyday life. I do think that Alan is very dependent upon his father for the money of his education but thats it. Molly believes that Alan can be a doctor just like Dr. Ainslie. Get his education from the US A and come back to Cape Breton or go remote away to help others.5) He can understand because he was in her position he once was poor where margret was rich her whole life. Mining do almost everyone in the town. Miners are very poorly paid so the houses they live in are shared between two families. The men wee-wee in the mines all day, go home to get cleaned, eat supper, and then go down to the bar. They come home covered in black blacken dust. The younger miners are very cocky and have nothing better to do after work that to pick fights. The middle aged men are very quiet and worn out.Mining takes a great toll on the workers lives. After working in the mine for a few historic period they look 10-20 years older then what they should look like. If they survive mining in time for their retirement they are lucky. A young Newfound lander (20) is brought into the hospital after an accident The Newfound landers hands are badly hurt and bandaged up in clothesThe doctor operates, he skim off 1 hand and a fingerThe doctor talks to his friends to find out what had happenedThe young man took a bet to see if in that location were one or two cables running in the colliery

The Problems of Illegal Immigration :: Cons of Illegal Immigration, Immigrants

AbstractEngraved in the Statue of Liberty are these words strain me your tired, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, the wretched refuse of your teeming shore, send these, the homeless, tempest tossed, to me I lift my lamp beside the golden door(Cooper). When the get together States was created, it promote people of all backgrounds to immigrate. America is known as a land of hope and opportunity. Today, immigrating legally to the United States is a life experience that some are fortunate to experience. Many are forced to immigrate illegally. The United States has created many precautions to stop people from immigrating to the United States, but thousands of people still compensate to move to the US illegally. As a result, millions of dollars are spent from impose payers money on illegal immigrants. While illegal immigration is beneficial to the United States, it comes with costs and therefore has become an issue that has grown out of control.The amount of illegal resid ents that now reside in the United States has grown rapidly everyplace the last few years. Two million illegal immigrants have entered the United States since 2000 and there are a reported 10 million illegal immigrants existing in the United States today. There are those who believe that illegals are a burden to the United States society. Many believe that illegal immigrants take necessary tax payers money. Illegal immigration costs U.S. taxpayers about $113 one thousand million a year at the federal, state and local level. The bulk of the costs some $84 billion are absorbed by state and local governments.(Fiscal Burden). Legal US citizens are angered that people come to the United States and leech off of the scrimping without paying taxes.In opposition is the belief that illegal immigrants are not only beneficial to the United States, but necessary. Contrary to approximately popular conceptions, most experts say illegals are probably not a net drain on the economy (Nadadur). In fact, illegals do more good than otherwise known. As well, illegal immigrants continue to keep the economy running by working at a minimum wage and doing a majority of the work that otherwise would not want to be done. Immigrating illegally is a risk of a persons life, but, at times, retreating to the United States is sometimes a last choice In turn, if we did not have illegal immigrants working in the US, the United States might not be as accomplished as it is today.

Brief History of the National Rifle Association :: NRA Guns Historical Militia Essays

Brief History of the National Rifle AssociationThe National Rifle Association in its simplest form is the largest gunclub in the world. The organization was founded in 1871 by former Union Armyofficers to encourage sport shooting in recite to have a fine tuned militia incase of emergency. The Union officers believed that a well regulated militiawas integral for the security of a discontinue state. It is an organization thatopposes gun control, it believes in the individual defense of the uses offirearms, and it is interested in all aspects of shooting sports.1Today, the organization stands with approximately 3.4 million members.Within the NRA, there are four major organs. The Institute for LegislativeAction (is the lobbying arm), the political Victory entrepot (which is a politicalaction committee), the Civil Rights Legal Defense Fund (deals with scholarlyresearch and legal developments), and the Grass Roots Division (whichspecializes in raising support through grass roots meth ods). As a rank and fileorganization, the NRAs directions is set by voting members. The direction ofthe policies are carried out by a 75 member board that is geographicallydistributed. The Board of Directors are elected by secret ballot.2Brady ActThe Brady Act was approved by Congress in November of 1993 and was thensigned into law by President Clinton later in the month. The act was originallynamed for anti gun lobbyist Sarah Brady, and not for former press secretary JimBrady. It was through Jim Bradys support and the media coverage that linkedhis name to the act. The act requires that there be a waiting period of fivestate government business days at the time an individual applies to purchase a pistol from a federal firearm license. During the five day wait, the localsheriff or police chief must make a reasonable effort to get out if the purchaseris prohibited from owning a handgun. The police official may approve the salebefore the five day period only if the record guard has been completed or if hebelieves the purchaser needs a handgun immediately to protect himself or hisfamily.3Presently, the Clinton administration isnt complying with the Brady Act.The act requires that within 60 months of enactment, the lawyer General mustestablish a national instant criminal background check system that allowsfederal firearms licensees to have access through virtually type of electronic method.The reason for the delay lies with the fact that U.S. Circuit Courts have spliton whether the Brady Act violates the 10th amendment of the Constitution byallowing law enforcement agencies to divvy up criminal records checks in

The Power of Place Essay -- Literature Psychology Essays

The Power of Place When people think of their environs people think of their immediate surroundings however, ones environment goes beyond and further into the mental connection to ones personal environment. To further explain, Gallagher discusses three different aspects of The Power of Place Outside In, Inside Out, and Synchrony. The book opens doors previously unnoticed about psychological ecology. From variation the book one learns that settings influence behavior more than the personalities of most people. Think of our dependency on our environment and constant surroundings. They help create our persona and therefore who we become in the future. From the point of birth, people live in a set environment determined on the status quo of the family bearing the child. One may live in poverty or wealth, but from this point the child begins gaining a dependency on its environment. Though not a preferable recitation of ones prospects of the future, a good childhood m ay make or break an individual in the future. As stated, a good or bad environment promotes good or bad memories, which inspire a good or bad mood, which inclines us toward good or bad behavior(132). Each and both day we interact with one another, playing a different role from interaction to interaction however, one tends to keep his or her surroundings as certain as possible. The reason being one feels closer to being in control when the outcome becomes predictable,...

Lord Of The Flies :: essays research papers

Throughout The Lord of the Flies, the author shows how different Simon is from the rest of the savages on the island. He is some(prenominal) more innocent and pure than the others and has a religious demeanor. Light, very commonly a symbol of holiness and purity, is use quite often during Simons funeral. In the finale four paragraphs of chapter nine, A view to a death, Golding makes clear the use of lightly imagery to suggest the apotheosis of Simon.During chapter nine, the sky and water are used to convey a sense of innocence during Simons glistening funeral. For example, the air becomes clear as the rain ceases, indicating a calm and peacefulness. When the atomic number 47 tide comes in and washes away his blood and streaks of phosphorescence mend his battered body, it is as though Simons body is being prepared for ascension into heaven. Lamps of stars, bright constellations, and the moonlight provide much radiance. In addition there are brilliant flashes of lightning from th e still lingering storm. The luminous sky provides light while the clear, silver water works on restoring Simons body after he has been savagely killed.Simons body and the creatures around it also show his holiness. Light images of the creatures that surround Simon glorify his body, and as light falls on his corpse he is transfigured into an icon of expiation. Also, the water covers Simon in a coat of pearls and creatures (interpreted to symbolize angels) begin to spread a layer of silver over him. The apotheosis of Simon is complete, as he becomes completely silver.

Lord Of The Flies :: essays research papers

Throughout The Lord of the Flies, the author shows how different Simon is from the rest of the savages on the island. He is much more innocent and pristine than the others and has a religious demeanor. Light, very commonly a symbol of holiness and purity, is used quite often during Simons funeral. In the last four paragraphs of chapter nine, A view to a death, Golding makes clear the use of light imagery to suggest the paragon of Simon.During chapter nine, the sky and water are used to convey a sense of innocence during Simons glistening funeral. For example, the air becomes clear as the rain ceases, indicating a calm and peacefulness. When the silver tide comes in and washes away his melody and streaks of phosphorescence mend his battered dust, it is as though Simons body is being prepared for ascension into heaven. Lamps of stars, bright constellations, and the moonlight provide much radiance. In adjunct there are brilliant flashes of lightning from the still lingering storm. The luminous sky provides light while the clear, silver water works on restoring Simons body after he has been savagely killed.Simons body and the creatures around it also show his holiness. Light images of the creatures that surround Simon glorify his body, and as light falls on his corpse he is transfigured into an icon of expiation. Also, the water covers Simon in a coat of pearls and creatures (interpreted to symbolize angels) begin to spread a layer of silver over him. The apotheosis of Simon is complete, as he becomes completely silver.

Dramatic changes in the London areas

Whilst working on this project I have collected a series of results. My results consist of how the Central Business District (CBD) shows us the Burgess Model. As you can see by the map below capital of the United Kingdom clearly shows the rings of the Burgess Model. This is just one of many maps of capital of the United Kingdom that shows the Model. I found that what I intended to find from research such as maps and graphs was correct.1) Danecourt Gardens 162. Carnforth Gardens 43. Gale Street 94. Harold pass -35. Queens Road West 46. Wellington Way -157. Bow road 4One of the beginning(a) destinations we visited was Danecourt Gardens, as you can see my results show that this location was the highest top dog on my graph. Danecourt Gardens showed high quality, well- intentional detached properties in good condition. The range of properties in this area command high prices. This area demonstrated a safe purlieu consisting of uncongested streets, which resulted in easy parking and ac cess that in turn creates little pollution. The area was attractive in design and of a good reputation thither was plenty of open space and greenery. In general this is a desirable area to zippy in.On the other end of the scale my graph shows a completely different story. For instance on visiting Wellington Way, which was one of my last places to visit, this graph will show expensive but badly designed and in poor condition properties. From my observations the volume of properties I saw were tower block flats. As a result of these designs it is commonly described, as a concrete jungle. Due to this area of design parking for non-residents was difficult, parking for residents was provided by way of designated car parks. In general there was little open green space, the majority being tarmac and paving. I also observed a large amount of vandalism consisting of graffiti and damage to street furniture. Of all the locations I visited in my opinion I found Wellington Way was the poorest. Key QuestionThe environmental areas vary as we go further out of the Burgess Model. qualifying from the CBD the first type of housing you come to would be terraced housing. The last section of the burgess model would be luxury high class residential, so from the first housing section to the last you can clearly see how much the type of housing improves.HypothesisThe environmental quality clearly has an improved transform with the further you travel from the CBD.My ConclusionIn my conclusion I found dramatic changes in the London areas, starting with the CBD and travelling out to the more elegant residential areas. I found that this study highlighted the environmental quality within the east London areas starting with Upminster working our way down to Plaistow.I would maintain that quality housing usually attracts a different class of people compared to the central areas of Londons terraced housing. I found that the number of detached properties greatly out numbered that of rigg ing and terraced houses.Working my way towards the CBD the pattern of housing changed dramatically there was the occasional detached property but in main it was dominated by articulated lorry detached properties. One of the problems of this type of housing is that off road parking is poor. This makes a problem of congested streets.Eventually on reaching the centre of London all property was either terraced of flat accommodation. These particular types of properties provide no parking other than permit holders or at payment metres. The further I progressed into London the more obvious that parking was a serious problem.Gardens eventually became non-existent the only means of relaxation was by way of balconies or rooftops.Graffiti is an environmental problem of which London has its fair share. Graffiti is wide spread over almost everything.London can be a nice place to live in, it all depends on your financial position.

Body Image in Society

Destiney McCraney Ms. Wills English 100 19 September 2012 Go Against the Grain remold your nose, show your chest, and bend over for the camera. This is basically the message decree is sending to women today. If you conform to the initiations idea of what a adult young-bearing(prenominal) should odour ex deviateable then you will be accepted. In the 2 articles The Pitfalls of Plastic Surgery by Camille Paglia and The Beauty Myth by Naomi Wolf, the way women scram responded to the message from society is discussed from both perspectives.Wolf is clearly against womens confinement to societal pressures. She reveals that there is a secret underlie poisoning our freedom, referring to the way women focus on appearance and fitting in (Wolf 10). Paglias argument focuses on the extent of women using plastic surgery to become what they believe society wants them to be. She writes nearly the way women drive home made themselves their own full treatment of art, taking plastic surgery to higher levels in the industry. Wolf emphasizes the way women shake off changed their values over the years.She makes an emotional appeal by concluding that the modern ravages are destroying women physically and depleting us psychologically(Wolf 19). Over time, society has influenced women to confine themselves to what the world believes is beauty instead of embracing the power of being a muliebrity and focusing on their place in the economy. The first image portrays a woman who is perfectly proportioned yet still uncomfortable with her ashes. The woman in the ad has her hands behind her back as if shes nervous about citizenry seeing her in the bikini shes wearing.The light blue people of color of the background symbolizes renewal instead of the sadness that would be portrayed from a darker blue losing weight creates a brighter future. The bend in her leg reveals her shyness as she looks towards the weight loss product, feeling like she has to use it in order to be confiden t. The fact that she isnt comfortable after she has lost 25 pounds and is wearing a black bikini reveals the extremes that our society force us to go to in order to be accepted.If it isnt one part of the body, its an separate. The devise jealous exes is used to draw attention to the product giving a perspective on what women feel is important these days. Just by looking at this ad it is implied that most women want to make all their exes jealous, not become a CEO of a company. The ad as a whole, pin points how the world theorises women should want to look. Why 25 pounds and not 5? Why is she still uncomfortable? The pressure from society creates this never ending cycle of conformity to the beau rarefied woman.It seems as though women today have shifted their attention to issues that shouldnt matter. Many women are concerned with physical appearance, bodies, faces, hair, clothes, bringing attention to the relationship between female liberation and female beauty. (Wolf 9) The pres sures of society have influenced women to believe they all need to resemble one another. The media always tends to focus on skinny models, light-skinned women, haired women, and tall women when they refer to the word beauty. These are the types of women that are scarce in our society because everyone obviously isnt born that way. Most of our society is filled with women who have curves, like the plus sized models of today, or who have darker skin compared to the famous models with fair complexions. The spotlight on the preferred image of women in society causes them to think they have to be just like that vision in order to be accepted. In the image I have chosen, there are two different women who both won a beauty contest in different areas of the world.One woman is skinny with long, blonde hair in her face, while the other has curves and dark, shorter hair out of her face. The woman with curves is much conservative with her outfit and her make-up. She is wearing a bikini, excep t covering her bottom with a wrap and her make-up is more natural. The skinny woman on the other hand is showing off her body in a bikini and her make-up is on heavier than the other womans. The women in our society today feel like they gouget achieve certain goals in life without being the worlds ideal women, but according to this image, it is possible.The plus sized woman in this image is a great example of an empowering figure for women in our society because she is confident with her body and makes the statement that it is okay to love you the way you were born. Who is to blame for women thinking they constantly need to change themselves to fit in? Why arent women comfortable with their bodies? When people like the media are repeatedly beating you up for being yourself you tend to change if you are not confident. The media exploits women through ads, powder magazines, and pornography and the women of today are allowing it to determine (Wolf 10).There are only a hand full of w omen who arent ashamed to go against the grain and be proud of who they are. In the photo of J-woww, the magazine is criticizing her for abject her leg a certain way causing her cellulite to show. She is wearing a pink bikini that shows off her tattoo and tanned skin. The magazine points out that she fuelt cover up every flaw with tattoos and tanning oils implying that she is full of imperfections. In the eyes of many other people she has a nice body, but according to the media she needs work done. As long as she is comfortable with her body their opinion doesnt matter right?Wrong. Many people look at this in a magazine and agree because society has taught us to judge one other the same way they judge us. In the manner of speaking of Wolf, these obsessions are poisoning our freedom, women in earlier days worked hard and sacrificed for women today to have the power and money they have, but the way women today feel about themselves leaves them worse off than our unliberated grandmo thers (Wolf 10). Society has conned women into focusing on beauty and acceptance instead of being empowered and useful in the economy.Women are usually intercommunicate as sex symbols that should always look a certain way. It is rare to see a woman in a movie or magazine with a professional outfit on that isnt showing too much skin. A woman wearing a nice skirt with a blazer and a shirt buttoned all the way up is a great icon to other women because it shows how you dont have to have your chest out and be exploited to be important. The image portraying a professional woman flexing her arms like a man would shows how women can have power without conforming to societys expectations.The way her mouth is open gives the impression that she is excited to be in the position she is in, and comfortable with herself as a woman. The workplace has more women in it now than it did years ago, and more women need to start taking advantage of this new opportunity. Over the years women have been inf luenced to confine themselves to the ideals of society. Women are constantly judged and criticized forcing them to change themselves when there was no need to. There are not many women who will stand up and go against what the world thinks, embrace the power of being as woman, and take heir rightful place in the economy. If there is going to be a change it has to start with the women not the men, the media, friends, or society as a whole. If we are to free ourselves from the dead weight that has once been made out of femaleness, it is not ballots or lobbyists or placards that women will need first it is a new way to see. (Wolf 19). Works Cited Paglia, Camille. The Pitfalls of Plastic Surgery. Harpers Bazaar (May 2005). Print Rpt in Convergences. capital of Massachusetts Bedford/ St. Martins, 2009 Print Wolf, Naomi. The Beauty Myth. New York Harper Collins, 2002. Print

Performance Dynamics of Bata Shoe Bangladesh

1. Historical Background The product line that became the Bata Shoe Organization was established on August 24, 1894 in Zlin, Czechoslovakia by Tomas Bata, and include his brother Antonin and sister Anna. Although this business was new, the Bata name had been part of a usance of togmaking for eight generations, spanning three hundred years. It was one of the initiatory modern-day fit out manufacturers, a team of stitchers and clothemakers creating footwear not just for the local town, but a the handle for distant retail merchants.This departure from the centuries-old tradition of the one-man cobblers workshop was a brand new concept, creating an entirely new industry. Tomas consistently master(prenominal)tained a human focus, creating opportunities for development and advancement, and added compensation for employees based on achievement. As the enterprise prospered, so did the communities where it operated. Bata companies later deliver the goodsd rail services, construction , insurance, publishing and a tannery in Zlin. The Bata System devised by the Zlin team, and later applied in other Bata Shoe Organization companies, organized operations into autonomous workshops and departments (profit centre), allowing employees to put forward ideas and stimulate production, and contributed signifi coffin nailt breakthroughs in footwear technology. By 1938 Bata Shoe Organization had established a unique and far-flung presence, designing, producing and marketing footwear in to a greater extent than 30 countries.The Bata Shoe Organization regarded itself as a Multi-Domestic rather than multinational enterprise, making it a priority to contribute to the economy in any new markets it entered. During the 50s, 60s and 70s the Organization redoubled its focus on retailing excellence, international footwear branding, advanced manufacturing techniques and extensive employee training, another Bata tradition that dated back to the Organizations earliest years. At present, Bata is one of the creative activitys widest reaching companies, with operations in 68 different countries.They strive to listen to the customers in their local markets and clearly identify their footwear needs, and then to provide products that exceed their customers expectations in terms of gauge, style and value. Bata operating companies atomic number 18 companyed into four business units based on similarities in markets and business issues. Each group benefits from synergies specific to their requirements, such as product development, sourcing and marketing support. 1. 1 Bata Today Bata is one of the worlds widest reaching companies, with operations in 68 different countries.Bata companies strive to listen to the customers in their local markets and clearly identify their footwear needs, and then to provide products that exceed their customers expectations in terms of quality, style and value. Bata operating companies be grouped into four business units based on similariti es in markets and business issues. Each group benefits from synergies specific to their requirements, such as product development, sourcing and marketing support. Each business unit is entrepreneurial in nature, and can quickly adapt to changes in the market and seize say-so step-up opportunities. Bata International serves customers in much of Asia, the Pacific and Africa through its 3,000 stores and galore(postnominal) dealers. It is supervised from Singapore. Bata International operates fit out innovation centers in several(prenominal) countries as well as 30 factories to serve individual markets. * Bata Europe is based in Paris and operates 500 stores offering fashionable footwear. The world-class shoe innovation center just outside of Venice supplies many of the scoopful lines found in Bata stores throughout Europe. * Bata Latin America is based in Mexico City.Bata is the leash retailer of shoes in Latin America and the leading marketer of childrens branded footwear. * Bat a Canada is based in Toronto from where 250 stores serve the Canadian market. Its chain of Athletes Worlds and Nike Shops is the leading fashion source in Canada for young urban customers. Bata Shoe giving medication (B. S. O. ) is the largest manufacturer and marketer of footwear in the world. Its global business comprises of shoe factories, tanneries, engineering plants, quality control laboratories, product development and research centers.Bata distributes its products through approximately 6,300 retail outlets, 10,000 franchises and thousands of wholesale depots and dealers. More than 50,000 people are employed in producing and selling over 300 million pairs of shoes each year, primarily for the domestic markets in which B. S. O companies operate. Approximately 400,000 additional people and their families are engaged in the support services required by B. S. O. operations. Bata International Centre is located in Toronto, Canada. Mr.Tomas Bata, the get together of Bata Shoe Or ganization, initiated this worldwide operation in Zlin, Czechoslovakia, now know as the Czech Republic. The year 1994 marked the 100th founding anniversary of BATA. Over the years B. S. O. s operation expanded across the entire bollock and established itself as the worlds largest organization in footwear manufacturing and marketing Today Bata operates in 68 countries. 1. 2 Bata Bangladesh At the Pakistan period Bata was first came to this country. After independence Bata continue their commitment to provide good quality shoes at an affordable price.Many of the elderly people still remember the risque Boy shoe of Bata that was known for its durability among the kids of that time. But since then Bata Bangladesh has changed a lot. Now they are not only providing durable shoes but develop brought new designs too according to the taste of the people. Bata expands its operation all through the country. It has now huge number of stores, agencies, dealers and wholesalers around the count ry. And undoubtedly it has the biggest shoe manufacturing and marketing organization here in Bangladesh.There are hardly any places in the country where one will not found Bata store, which signals its expansion, success and popularity here. Bata Bangladesh is a public circumscribed company, which has 51- 49% share with the government of Bangladesh. Though it has established in Czechoslovakia but at present Bata is a Canadian company because of the migration and mergers of the family and now J. Bata who happens to be the grandson of founder G. Bata has his operation and headquarter in Canada and operates as a Canadian company. In Bangladesh it is operating as a Canada-Bangladesh company. . 3 Mission Introduction of a strong shoe line targeted to various market segments to maintain leadership through increased market share. 1. 4 Vision To provide good quality shoes at an affordable price. By keeping in mind the comfort that needs to be there and providing new designs with it. 1. 5 O bjectives * Achievement of 100% estimated business in each category * Maintain a shoe line with 700 lines of which 200, 300, 150 & 50 lines for Men, Women Children & Plastic respectively * Introduction of a shoe ine as per feel style as well as fashion trend * Achieve an modal(a) 55% margin in each category * Innovate ideas or system for better management of merchandise distribution by maintaining 4 quantify stock turn. 2. Product Profile Bata shoe Bangladesh Ltd. has more than 900 lines of shoes in different categories. They distribute all of these lines of shoes in different parts of Bangladesh through wholesalers, dealers and through their own stores. In the following chart some of the shoes, its average price, size and other dominating features are mentioned.Best Price Range (TK) BATA Dominating Color Mens 995-1695 Black Womens 250-550 Black, Chocolate School 200-330 Black, White Children 130-195 Multicolor period of play 695-995 White, Gray Non Shoes 50-100 Black, Chocolate 3. Competitive Status * Be obsessed with customer satisfaction * Build reputation for providing quality product * Be commit to continuous growth in the market * Widespread availability of Bata shoes in the market The prices of Bata shoes are very competitive and in many cases lower than its competitors * Very good distribution channel with dedicated employees all through Bangladesh and established because of Batas experience in the Bangladesh for very long * winning opportunity of the lower buying power of the people of the country by providing good quality shoe at a competitive price * To batten down that the end users receive medicines those are safe, effective and quality consistent with leadership position in the health care industry throughout the country * It has more than 900 lines of shoes in different categories * To apply the rinciples of customer-focused quality, service and excellence to all litigatees and system, from product design, development through production , distribution and marketing * To maintain the standard of quality in order to protect the patients, prevent errors and optimize value provided to the consumer and company. * To comply with group product standards and regulatory requirements * The company has more than 1000 shoe designs and caters to all the segments.Over 60% of gross sales come from the mens range, while childrens and womens range account for about 20% each * BB operates through a chain of exclusive own and franchise stores. BBs stores are located in prime locations countrywide. 70% of Batas sales are from its own retail outlets. Besides there is a web of about 500 exclusive wholesalers who service about 300 retail stores all over the country. Bata has showrooms, wholesale depots and distribution centers across the country. 4. Trends of performance Products tend to go through different stages, each stage being affected by different competitive conditions.These stages require different marketing strategies at diff erent times if sales and profits are to be efficiently realized. The length of a product life cycle is in no way a bushel period of time. It can last from weeks to years, depending on the type of product. In case of shoe industry in Bangladesh it is presently going through the growth stages which are characterized by many new consumers entry in the market, by fall in price as experience and economies of scale have been attained, by actual distribution channel and by increasing intensity of competition.Bata Bangladesh is the largest player in the footwear industry with around 9-10% volume share and a 60% market-share in the organized segment. BB (Bata Bangladesh) has a market share of 70% in canvas shoes segment while it has a share of 60% in lash shoes. BB manufactures about 10% of the total Hawaiis sold in the country. BB competes in manufacturing low priced Hawaiis with the uncoordinated sector with its price ranging from Taka35-Taka110 with unorganized sectors pricing in the range of Taka25-Taka50. 4. 1 Production Bata Bangladesh operates 2 manufacturing plants in Tongi and Dhamrai.The company is producing around 110,000 pairs of shoes daily. It has a modern tannery with the latest technological facilities to process 5 million square feet of leather yearly. Bata Bangladesh concentrates mainly on the domestic market through a countywide distribution network comprising retail stores, principal Support Program (DSPs) and independent dealers. 4. 2 Sales Turnover 4. 3 Profit & Profitability The average gross profit margin for the last volt years has been 37% while average operating margin has been 12%. number net margin stands at 8%.In 2008, 2009 & 2010 Batas net Income was (MM BDT) 449, 459, 509 staring(a) Margin 34% 35% 35% Operating Margin 14% ,12% ,12% Net Margin 10%, 9%, 9% and Operating Cash (MM BDT) 428,873 472,320 511,799 587,130 643,166 713,937 781,319. Average return on equity for the last five years has been more than 40% while average return on assets has been around 14%. Bata is excessively among the largest dividend payers with an average dividend payout ratio of 80% for the last three years. Moreover, the company has large land holdings which have not been revalued in a long time.The company has goose egg leverage and huge stockpiles of bullion which give them enough flexibility to expand and/or maintain a high payout ratio. 5. Growth Rate (Trend Analysis of Productivity) self-consistent margin and growth Bata has been a consistent performer in recent years and this is reflected in their profit margins for the last five years. Bata also enjoyed consistent growth in sales and earnings. Sales growth has been averaging around 16% in the last four years while earnings growth has been averaging over 25% during that period. EBITDA growth has been around 20% on average.No credit sales policy helped accumulate large cash. Bata maintains a no credit sales policy. This has helped reduce cash cycle for the company. 6. SWOT Analysis * Strengths * Image of the company * Quality Product * Differentiated line of products * Competitive Pricing * Strong distribution channel * advanced(a) manufacturing facilities * Brand loyalty at mass level * Weaknesses * Insufficient promotional activities * Bata at present conducts all the store management activity manually. This results lots of lengthened paper works, errors & waste of time. Inability to catch the present trend in time * Less competitive price due to high cost structure. * tub & tax barrier * Opportunities * Despite political turbulence a segment of our middle-class is coming up with reasonable buying power. Many of them are women who are decision maker so the city store concept of Bata can attract them as whole of the family footwear can be available there. * Consumer like differentiated products. They like to shop in a store where they serve the whole family. * More competition results in more campaign for products. * Business involution in Shoe car e products Utilize outsourcing especially the synergy sources to achieve competitive pricing * Franchi follow through opportunity with global brands like Nike, Reebok, Hush Puppy * trade expansion opportunity in high fashion & value for money footwear market for all categories of shoes through Retail & WCSM channels * threat * Political instability affects the supply of raw materials and distribution of finished products. * Uncontrolled counterfeit of Bata products * New companies like Apex, Homeland, Pagasus of Bangladesh and the foreign companies like Nike, Reebok, Addidas are already in the market with good quality product.Have to keep up with them respect of quality. * Smuggelling of shoes and many stores in the city like the ones in elephant way are the major market leaders. As they dont have to pay for large amount of money for establishment, production, quality and advertising so they can sell at a much lower price than established brands like Bata. * Rapid market expansion program by organized competitors like APEX. 7. Possible Measure to Improve Performance To improve the sales and profits, BB is planning to increase penetration by setting up more retail outlets and taking space in shopping malls across the country.Existing retail stores would be upgraded even as wholesale depots would be set up in smaller towns and semi-urban areas. BBs main efforts will be to streamline the wholesale business. BBs thrust is on becoming marketing driven firm from a manufacturing oriented company. Steps are also being taken to reduce costs, improve distribution logistics and focus on launch of new products in order to improve the performance of the company. * Give sales discount and free samples to influence more sales in the growing shoe market. * Reduce the price level. More advertisements should be aired. * Should build awareness among the potential users of this type of footwear product. * Bring more design, color, and design combination to be competitive. * To merge with the local companies and to expand more segmentation. 8. Conclusion From the analysis of Bata Shoe order Bangladesh Ltd and the shoe industry we have identified that the shoe industry is growing and identified their main weakness is insufficient lack of development with the rapid changing market needs, insufficient promotional activities, and downward trend of quality.On the other hand, distribution system and vertical integration are the strengths of Bata From strategic marketing viewpoint we see that Bata is taking corrective steps in almost all the way. In very few sides Bata has lacking. Based upon these facts recommended strategies would assist in more growth of Bata shoe company Bangladesh Ltd. in among the upcoming fierce competition in the shoe industry.

The Symbol of the Mockingbird Lies at the Heart of Harper Lee’s Novel to Kill a Mockingbird. Discuss.

Mockingbirds are not only symbols of innocence they are also symbols of happiness and to kill them is evil. This concept, the senseless persecution of an innocent individual, is central to Harper Lees novel. sibilation Radley and gobbler Robinson are both flouter figures, innocent yet condemned through the prejudices of society. The symbol of the mockingbird, with its associated ideas of a fragile, albeit beautiful innocence appears when Atticus tells Jem and Sc bring out they may shoot any the bluejays they want, but remember its a sin to kill a mockingbird.This is the first time Scout has ever heard Atticus say it was a sin to do something. The full significance of this remark is explained to Scout by dud Maudie as she explains that mockingbirds do nothing but sing their hearts out for us, making music for the enjoyment of everyone in Maycomb. They represent a type of well-heeled and harmless creature. Throughout the text, Lee reiterates that to kill a mockingbird would be w icked and spiteful, a senseless and pointless act of destruction. Boo Radley symbolises a beautiful, but tortured mockingbird that is misunderstood and ostracised by both his family and the wider community.He is unbroken as a prisoner in his own home, kept in confinement by his god-fearing Baptist family. Despite this treatment Boo remains gentle and harmless. However, people tell stories about how he eats squirrels and cats and poisons the pecan nuts in the school yard. To the community Boo is a malevolent phantom. bit by bit Scout and Jem begin to see things from Boos perspective. Like the mockingbird Boo gives pleasure and comfort for example, the gifts in the tree, the blanket placed around their shoulders as they watch Miss Maudies home go up in flames.Finally, he saves Scout and Jems lives. In turn, Scout realises to drag Boo into the limelight would be alike(p) shootin a mockingbird and a cruel betrayal of all the inherent goodness Boo symbolises as a mockingbird. The mock ingbird symbol also involves the broader themes of justice and how it can unload an innocent person. Tom Robinson is an honest and principled black man who is accused of raping a white girl, Mayella Ewell. He explains he was only in the Ewells house to religious service her however, he condemns himself in the eyes of the jury when he says he felt sorry for her.This would be seen as the lowest class of citizen showing superiority towards a class above. The white communitys fear of racial disturbance and their insecurity about their own position in society meant that Tom Robinson was found guilty. The prosecutor responds with pretend indignity You felt sorry for her you felt sorry for her? Harper Lee uses rapid dialogue in the courtroom scene to emphasise the way the prosecutor attacks Tom, like an attack on an innocent mockingbird. Harper Lee exposes not just the prejudices of Maycomb but the ugly nature of such beliefs in society as a whole.Justice is betrayed when the jury igno re the evidence and destroy the mockingbird figure of Tom Robinson. It is evident that both characters have mockingbird traits. They both show kindness Boo to the children, Tom to Mayella. They are both innocent Boo of the evil persona with which he is associated and Tom of the crime of rape. Both are victims of prejudice. The significance of the mockingbird report broadens out to contain many layers of meaning and is kept alive through the narrative continually reminding the reader of the theme of prejudice with which it is associated.

Existentialism †God Essay

What is the importee of behavior. The meaning of our lives, the purpose, and the dreams both dashed and realized, and the expectations forced upon us by others. In other spoken language how do you translate what life is? Translation means to explain in simple terms. What is it supposed to be about? at that place instalmentic number 18 contrary answers for different people at different times in their lives. A persons lifetime is filled with self-examination. Why am I here? What am I doing? Is this as good as it gets? You bring on a initiation. Youre in the middle, and your story hasnt ended yet.If one would recognize the greatest things we discombobulate in life, they would non be asking this oppugn. These great things be credence, hope, and love. Faith is the one that can keep one from asking questions. If idol wanted us to know something, then we would know it. In most religions, Christian ones in p impostureicular, the question of meaning in life is inextricably wr apped up in a relationship with idol. Living in, for, with, and by dint of him. Therefore, how one answers the meaning of life question bears instantly the existence of deity.Soren Kierkegaard said to be the father of existentialism maintains that thither be three basic answers to the question of the meaning of life. He c altoge thered these stages of life, because he hoped that people progressed from one stage to the next. Whether or non that is true, on that point do seem to be at least three fundamental outlooks on life. One is a life devoted to pleasure. This value perspective can be shown by a person whose entirely concern is for what they are doing now. They would rather gain from pleasures in life without any regards to how they might affect their future.Another stage is those choosing honorable and moral paths. People who are honest and loyal demonstrate this in their everyday lives. Finally, there is a live religiously. This has been the popular way of life for n umerous an(prenominal) of us. It is going to church and practicing your faith Stace argues, the present age has begun to weaken faith in God. The design of a supernatural person has begun to seem unlikely to many people. The Bible no yearlong seems as respected for many Catholics. While many people say they commit in God they are beginning question whether faith and God are the answer to the meaning of life.Most of us whether we choose to admit it or not show that material things are what we base our lives around. These ideas are at the heart of existentialism, which is a view of life that says that merciful beings are the creators of their own sense of meaning or purpose. The most celebrated existentialist, John Paul Sartre in his books and novels developed several themes that portray existentialism. The introductory is the notion that existence precedes essence. A legacy of traditional philosophy has been that we have a fixed serviceman nature. Sartre challenged that we ha ve no such set purpose or meaning.Our real meaning or who we are is a result of our decisions. We are what we decide. The second associated concept is the importance of human freedom. Sartre believed that every human being has the freedom to live life as we choose to. He believed that we are often terrified by our freedom, and in fact frequently do not want to take responsibility for our own actions. This attitude Sartre called bad faith. Bad faith is an act of self-deception in which we rationalize our actions as being caused by circumstances instead of being self-caused.Basically blaming others for our own deceptions and mistakes. The third major concept of existentialism is the idea of the Absurd. The philosopher Albert Camus popularized this concept. The concept of the absurd is promoted by atheistic existentialist, such as Sartre and Camus. The similarity between Christian and atheistic existentialist is the significance of human freedom and the belief that we are the makers of our own lives One of the most significant pieces of the decline of religious faith is the continuing awareness that there may not be any purpose in life.Both Albert Camus, and Stace, write from this perspective. They believed that traditional Christians have found security in the belief that their lives are invisibly direct or orchestrated by God. That we have assumed that God has a plan for our life, that things happen for a purpose. But as we experience, if we do, the decline of faith or the reality of God in our lives, we come to realize that perhaps we are more responsible than God is for what happens to us. We begin to realize or suspect that it is we, not God, who is the creator of our lives.We are responsible for who we become. Of course, there are always going to be those people who doubt everything God stands for. For them, the body dies and eternity is darkness, I suppose. The scrap is going to be, perhaps even as it has been a battle between those who reject God and t he, and those who know that God is real. The thought is ones conscience. Without the realisation of that soul, there is no inner voice that helps guide him in the decisions that he makes. Yet, the soulless atheists still seek to discover the meaning of life, and this is where the battle is fought.They are merely stating that there is no meaning to their lives they have no soul, there can be no meaning. Theists realize life isnt fair. People arent created equal. Atheists believe that until all people actually are equal, life is meaningless, and this is the connection we have to make for them. People are not equal, people will never be equal, and if this equality is the requirement for accepting the meaning of life, then life will always be meaningless. If ambition brings about advantage, those advantages must be neutralized.This is the goal of the atheist. If there is nothing entirely darkness after life, the goal must be to create heaven on earth. Everyone has questioned their p urpose in life for example in his article, My Confession, Leo Tolstoy has gone through his life without ever really questioning the meaning. Then he periodically questioned it until one day he finally could not picture himself living anymore until he came up with an answer to his questionings. All the things he was thought to be living by no longer made any sense or had any meaning at all to him.He tried to answer his question many different ways, only whichever way he went he kept coming up with a dead end. He first thought the answer must be his family. Although he loved them very much, as humans they are confronted with the same questions he is. They are living this lie right along with him pretending that they have all the answers, or simply simply ignoring the questions. He next thought the answer to be in his work. Eventually, coming to the realization that with all of his success in art and poetry he had become distracted. He was using art as a decoy.Without knowing his an swers to the meaning of life, it was wrong and useless to depict these lies to others. He concisely felt as if life had stopped, and was even contemplating suicide when he came to the realization that faith is present in each one of us and is what makes our lives meaningful. Everyone must believe they have a purpose here, for if they didnt they would not be living at all. For life to have true meaning, that meaning must come external to the individual and be somehow consistent with life as a whole. Christians would argue that only God could grant this.It is the helping hand, which guides us through life with an honest and loving heart. messiah is the only man to lead a true, meaningful life. His life is really the only life of meaning and it is only through him that we have the opportunity to live meaningful lives. Without accepting this answer, one will have only difficulty for the rest of their lives, especially in answering the question of the meaning of life. If you accept th is answer, however life is much simpler, because your search is over. Jesus said, I am the way, the truth, and the life? John 146.The way the truth and the meaning of life itself. There are scriptural accounts of people claiming to see God, and while a witness is more proof than no witness is, there is no way to scientifically verify these statements. They must be accepted purely on faith. Some say that the existence of humans or planetary proportionateness is proof that God exists. These do not prove He exists. Christians believe God is in control of everything in the universe, and created the same. God created all beings, and every atom in this universe. We know God exists because He says He does. The bible is His word, left for us to read.Psychologist Viktor Frankl wrote in Mans search for Meaning that we should not ask what we expect from life, but what life expects from us. He was making the point that people must deal with what daily tasks are put in front of them. Instead o f arguing and complaining, we have to take action. Our strength is shown through the soul survival of the hardships we face. Which brings us to the problem philosopher John Hick was facing. In his article, The Problem of Evil he asks the question, if God is perfectly loving, he must wish to abolish evil. But evil exists therefore God cannot be both omnipotent and perfectly loving.The very fact that there is such suffering gives good cause to doubt not only the value of the whole human race, but also the existence of God. A God that can be said to care in the slightest for whats been created, any God who has power over all things, who is anything other than a horrible behemoth who dresss cruel unusual joy in squeezing every last drop of suffering out of them. It would rule out anything even vaguely resembling the God that Christians speak of. A God who deserves our utter hatred not our worship. However, Hick found that although harsh and painful, evil did have purpose in the world .He give tongue to in his article, the finest characteristics of personal life must have a good deal in common with our present world. It must operate according to world(a) and dependable laws and it must involve real dangers, difficulties, problems, obstacles, and possibilities of pain, failure, sorrow, frustration, and defeat. Without these sufferings, we would not be able to know what happiness and love really was. Evil provides us with the possibility of soul making, and according to free will, we must choose our fate. The Laws of nature must be abided by without them the world could not exist. God may be creating the lesser of the evils.There must be suffering in order for God to give inner strength that compensates for loss, and gives the sufferer inspiration to live faithfully and effectively. What God provides are the resources so we can face the suffering and make something positive come from it. He gives the direction and power to make these resources work. He gives ho pe and wisdom to find the way past the suffering, and to learn from it. John Paul II gave us an outline of what is believed to be the salvific meaning of suffering. Suffering as he wrote in the Apostolic Letter Salvifici Doloris, cannot be transformed and changed by a grace form outside, but from within? This question of human suffering is not answered directly by God. As man begins to share in the sufferings of Christ, the answer is discovered within in him. Suffering changes and can either increase or decrease, and in those moments Christians become aware of Gods closeness. We are given inner peace and spiritual joy when we suffer generously. When we are suffering we are never alone we are with Christ. With Christ everything has meaning whether its moments of happiness and peace or of pain and suffering. Nothing in life can be fully explained without God. . Look to the bible and Jesus gives us the answer.Love God with your whole heart, mind, body and soul. Love your neighbor as yo urself. If you do this, you are following all the commandments. Humble yourself and give the kudos and glory to our creator. God the Father our creator is love and he loves you very much. God created us to worship him and he deserves all the praise because he is the first and the last. He has no beginning and no end. Just look around and take in all the beauty he has created. Everyone is special and made in the image of God. We are nothing without our creator. Sin will keep us from God for he is pure and perfect.It is hard to let go of pleasure and putting ones self first. However, the key to peace and happiness is to surrender your freewill to God, the author of life, and he will give you complete, happiness, peace, contentment and purity you are looking for. That is what we were created for. God is made evident every day when the sun comes up, and there is still air to breathe, and you made it through the night. One cannot believe that everything we know was created by accident. Things are just too perfect to have happened by chance. Man is too corrupt a creature to have invented the beautiful things in the world, as in faith, hope and love.He allows evil in this world because He wants us to have the opportunity to choose either Him or evil, thereby proving our love for Him. If His were the only game in town, then there would not be a free will conscious choice for Him. It is evident that the meaning of life has to farthest to complex for any one to fully understand or agree on the same answer. All these ideas of these different philosophers are not necessarily inaccurate, just incomplete. All pieces to a puzzle that one has no way of fully figuring out. No one has seemed to accomplish this yet in life. There are so many obstacles that we face as we try to achieve a higher good.Many of these are based in the fact that we are human beings, and because of that are flawed by the ways of our culture. Things such as self-doubt, worry, ignorance, and the values put into our heads since the day we were born all are roadblocks on our way to a higher level. Also being human beings makes vulnerable to the ways of the world around us, so it is not easy to block these things out of our lives. This life is a stage in which we are to develop our minds, bodies, and souls to their highest potential in preparation for the afterlife. Only God could ever really show anyone true meaning.

Explain each of the areas of learning and development and how they are interdependent Essay

It is important to remember that each field of honor of learning and education does not work in isolation but they are all in fact interlinked. Good quality activities depart cover more than one area of development. For example, allowing children to access the outdoors will not only livelihood their bodily development, but upgrade their communication and exploration of their environment. Where a child experiences a confine in one area, it is likely to limit their learning and development in the other five child with cerebral palsy who experiences hand-eye coordination difficulties is likely to find complementary a puzzle difficult therefore hindering her problem solving, reasoning and numeracy.It is therefore vital that settings recognise each childs individual inescapably and plan holistically in order to help children achieve their full potential across the six areas of learning. The physical development of babies and boylike children must be encourage by delegacy of th e provision of opportunities for them to be active and interactive and to improve their skills of coordination, control, manipulation and movement.They must be supported in using all of their senses to learn most the world around them and to answer connections between new information and what they already know. They must be supported in developing an understanding of the importance of physical activity and fashioning healthy choices in relation to food. A childs physical development may have an impact on their pledge as they grow older, if a child is unhappy with their appearance e. g. oung girls may tactile sensation their friends are physically developing at a faster commit to what they are, this may affect their hearty development and maybe even intellectual, when a child loses self-confidence they may become distracted in lessons and therefore tholepin behind in their school work. On the other hand if a child or young person is very physical and active and lives a health y lifestyle, it is proven that this improves concentration, better sleep and a healthier life in general.This will impact on a child or young persons intellectual development as they will be more alert and ready to learn, physical activity is in addition likely to encourage social and emotional development as schools will provide sports clubs and after school activities, giving children and young people the opportunity to socialise and progress in self-esteem. For a child to understand the world, he/she will understand that people have different beliefs, colour skin and religion, the world and technology. A child will also learn other childrens names, talk about family and friends.This has a huge impact on a childs social development they will have awareness of the world and the people around them, and therefore are able to confidently make new friends as they go through transitions such as moving schools. It is important that children and young people are given the opportunity to speak about themselves, their lives at home and also take heed to others, and this gives them a perspective on the fact that everybody does different things, others lives differ to theirs and this is something that needs to be recognised and respected and not judged.Expressive arts and role means a child or young person making new things, designing and inventing a piece of art that is unique to them and their style, using a salmagundi of materials and equipment. It is important to introduce this at a young age, not only does this encourage a child to express themselves creatively but also contributes to physical, intellectual, social and emotional development.Creativity relates to physical development from a young age as the movements required to make marks such as brush strokes improves some(prenominal) fine and gross motor skills, feet painting is a great activity to do with children to improve both creative and physical development, you could ask them to hop, skip, jump to mak e a variety of marks with the paint on their feet, children love doing activities like this as they are free to create whatever they like.You could introduce pattern making to expressive arts and design, progressing the childs intellectual development you could do this by providing a range of materials allowing the child to create their own pattern or engaging in the activity with the child engaging in discussion about what pattern they can make or get them to identify a pattern you have made and see if they can make one similar. Some children or young people use expressive art and design as a get away from any stress, they find it relaxing and calming.Personal and emotional development means a child developing skills to be able to make relationships and bonds, having self-confidence and self-awareness, understanding that actions may affect others and be able to learn positive dispositions such as empathy. We can encourage this in setting through circle time allowing children to tal k about a topic of their choice, it is also important to discuss things such as disabilities and learning difficulties, so that if there is a child with these things in setting the childs peers can empathise and help support the child as well as the adults.Personal and emotional development can be affected through a number of ways, one being if a child has a difficult disability, they may feel that they are unable to take part in the same activities as their peers or may have a low self-esteem, this is wherefore it important to promote equality, diversity and inclusion in setting it is important to plan activities around childrens needs leaving no child to feel left out. Physical disability often disturbs intellectual development, the reason for this being the main focus would be improving the childs physical abilities e. g. he child may need to attend physiotherapy or regular hospital appointments, this also results in the child or young person absent a lot of time in school.It i s important to focus on more than one area of development this is why children with physical disabilities may also have a special worker helping them with the school work they have missed, so they do not get too far behind. From working(a) in a childcare setting I have become more aware of how development areas are interdependent and try my best to support children in all areas of learning and development, taking into account any difficulties they have when planning activities.

Life Cycle Analysis of the Fashion Industry

Life Cycle Analysis of the Fashion Industry BY caracal Industrial Ecology Practices in the Fashion Industry Introduction The industrial revolution in the sass brought a paradigm shift to the way earth interacted with the environment. The increased capability of producing and manufacturing on a large scale, the rise of multiple industries, growing require and proliferation of hedonistic employment patterns, has created a culture of surplus, want and waste. (Fallacy-Companion, 2012) From an environmental point of view, this resource hungry trend is unsustainable and has detrimental ecological impacts, such(prenominal) as pollution and climate change.These problems drive highlighted the consequence of our insatiable demand for resources and the inquire to rethink current practices and thoughts in order to maintain current living standards and ensure future growth. The ideas of environmental management, industrial ecology and ecological footprint be possessed of been proposed to al low for a meticulous look to the products that we manufacture and use, with emphasis on measuring the ecological impacts in hopes of reducing them.A multitude of tools claim since been created to measure qualification in hopes to highlight beas for improvement, of which the ISO standard and Life cycle estimation ar part of. Undoubtedly, many companies produce adopted life cycle analysis (LLC) in order to assess and reduce their products impact on the environment. The formulate exertion, at its core, is based on the notion of continual consumption of the new and the discard of the old, specially with new seasonal lines coming out every 3 months.The industry celebrates creativity with the continuous turnover of trends, leading to the premature product replacement and fashion obsolescence. This constant change has major negative environmental and social impacts, particularly on those at the bottom of the supply chain. Ellwood et al, 2006 Whether and Leastwise, 2008) Moreover, delicates production, often all over the world, is unremarkably practiced in line with the competitive advantages of different locales (such as low-cost labor, less blotto standards/regulations, strength in technology etc).Studies of Ellwood et al (2006), Madsen et al (2007) and Fletcher (2008) have highlighted issues of apparel waste as the majority of textile waste are not recycled or reuse but usually ends up in landfills. In this report, Nikkei Inc. And Levi Strauss & Co. Are chosen as case studies of the fashion industry for their efforts o apply LLC to their products. Life Cycle Assessment and IS014040 The International Organization for Standardization (SO) is an agreement that aims to promote worldwide standards for proprietary, industrial and commercial purposes. SO, 2013) The ISO 14000 series is a family of standards that related to environmental management, which aims to help organizations measure and minimize trading operations that will negatively impact the environ ment and comply with environmental regulations and audits required in the country of operation. For example, the ISO 14001 is integral to the European Unions CEO-Management and Audit Scheme (AMASS). AMASS, 2011) Before the development of the ISO 14000 series, closely organizations had to rely on internal environmental management agreements that made comparisons amid companies difficult.The ISO 14040 standard focuses on Life Cycle Assessment. LLC is a technique to assess environment impacts associated with all the stages of a products life from its raw tangible extraction to its processing, manufacture, distribution, use, repair, recycle and disposal. It is believed to encompass a larger scope of environmental concerns as the compiled inventory of relevant energy and material in coiffes and environmental releases includes the attention impacts associated with the identified inputs and releases, which cease then be interpreted to help make informed decisions and build corporate e nvironmental strategies. EPA, 2013) The method is most often used for the pinpointing potential for process improvements by assessing environmental impacts associated with all stages of a products life. (Securing & Mueller, 2008) ISO 14040 standards shows how the LLC is to be carried out in four distinct phases as seen in Figure 1 before. Before any LLC can be carried out, an explicit goal and scope of the study, inclusive of technical details, has to be defined. This can then work as a reference to guide the subsequent work.The functional unit, system boundaries, assumptions and limitations as well as the impact categories are identified and set in this first phase. The life cycle inventory analysis will then carry on from phase single by creating an inventory of all flows (input and output) between the stages of a product system, inclusive of all activities in the relevant supply chain and gives a clear picture of the system boundaries. Only when this is complete can the life c ycle impact assessment be carried out.This is the most complex stage of the process as it aims to evaluate he significance of potential environmental impacts and think the input and output from the inventory. At the end of the assessment, the information gathered is evaluated and the assessment is objectively assessed before the identification of significant issues and problems, its evaluation and limitations are put forth. Figure 1 The 4 phases of LLC (http//en. Wisped. Org/wick/ FilePhasesOfLifeCycleAnalysis. Eng) Current Context and Trends Environmental Management has progressed significantly over the years with regulations becoming to a greater extent stringent and accountability expectations higher. Figure taken from Penmans (1999) report shows a simple evolution of environmental policies and their primary characteristics from the sass to present, whereby attitudes towards the environment have changes from merely managing the problem in the early days to one that is more acti vely involved in trying to prevent problems.Figure 2 Evolution of environmental management (Seaman, 1999) Within the industry and companies, Lamming Hampton (1996) stresses the need for companies to engage in environmental management as public pressure is and will continue to be a major factor. In their study, 75% of customers state that they would consider a Meanys environmental reputation when purchasing and 80% of those would be willing to pay a premium for an environmentally friendlier product.Although there are limitations to their study, in that the sentiment may only be shared by the European community of consumers, there is a trend whereby consumers are becoming more green conscious. Hawked et al (1999) in the book Natural Capitalism also calls for companies to embrace a new industrialism that will create profits and jobs while saving the environment, finished the creation of a closed-loop supply chain that will generate more value and profit. By aggressive recycling, ther e is the potential of reducing up to 90% of energy and materials consumption.Although individual organizations are recognizing the need and their responsibility to address environmental and sustainability issues, there remains a lack of systematic and coordinated effort across the board. At a larger and general scale, there has been an increase of government level interest and engagement to transition sustainability at the firm and facility level, to one that is more holistic and encompasses production sustainability throughout the value chain. Golden et al, 2011) President Obama issued Executive Order 13514 in 2009 that requires the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, obtain 50% diversion rates of solid waste, pursue opportunities with vendors to reduce greenhouse gas (GOGH) emissions, ensure procurement preferences for energy-efficient products, and reduce consumption of paper with low recycled content. overly the Securities Exchange Commission and the Federal Trade Commissio n are driving the use of sustainable product design and supply chains by the matter of directives and interpretive guidance. Golden et al, 2011) Since the fiasco of sweatshop labor in the sass, leading to public outcry and clash on the fashion industry, there has been unison of calls for greater accountability. (Whether and Leastwise, 2008 maladroit et al, 2012) Especially in an industry where the consumers are the largest stakeholders public opinion is crucial and highly influential. This helps the environmental cause when more consumers become green conscious and demand for a smaller ecological footprint. There is a need to cater to these consumers and for companies to set themselves apart from their competitors. Kumar & Amalgamate, 2006) Environmental consciousness has been worked into the corporate social responsibility (CAR) of many companies and increasingly, in the fashion industry, CEO-fashion is trying to capture a larger share of the mainstream market with fashionable an d environmental apparel. Regions, 2006) There is also the emergence of industry consortia such as the Sustainable Apparel Coalition (SAC), the Sustainability Consortium (TTS) and the Outdoor Industry Association (IA), all of which are multi-stakeholder organizations that are suited for establishing standardized metrics for regulation.Nikkei and Levies are both part of the SAC. Case study LEVI STRAUSS & CO. Company Background The company, Levi Strauss & Co. Was founded by its namesake, Levi Strauss onetime in the mid-sass. It started off as a dry goods wholesaler before collaboration between Levi and Jacob Davis, a tailor, in 1872 saw the filing for its patented rivet pants- the start of the denim company that it is known for today. Over the years, the company have grown tremendously and has expanded its brands carried.Its current brands include Levi, emailprotected, Signature by Levi Strauss & Co. And emailprotected The company has a vision to be the embodiment of the energy and eve nts of our times, inspiring bulk with a pioneering spirit (Levi, 2013) and is committed to a variety of issues in its public policy approach that includes read, worker rights, equality and the environment. Since the sass, with the rise of global environmental concerns and problems, Levies have been working on reducing the environmental impact of its products.This was done by complying with environmental regulations, implementing a Code of Conduct for its suppliers- ensuring a reduction of piss consumption and ending the use of harmful chemicals on its Restricted Substances List, switching to organic cotton when possible and increasing the amount of recycled materials in their end product. In 2007, as part of an attempt at a consolidated look at the companys environmental impact, a LLC was one on 2 products- a pair of Levi 5018 stonewashed Sears and the emailprotected pilot program khakis.This enabled the company to develop strategies that will address the greatest impacts on the environment to ensure longevity in the industry. (Levi, 2013) Levies introduced its waterless Sears in 2011 and its wasteless(prenominal) Sears in 2013. WasteLess Sears has a minimum of 20% post-consumer recycled content (from PET bottles) instead of cotton. Ferries, 2013) Levies Life Cycle Assessment Levies product lifestyle assessment focuses on a quantitative method that looks at ass and energy balance using direct and indirect info over the cradle to fret lifespan of the product.A disclaimer on their website states that this LLC does not include social or economic impacts. In the input/output inventory aspect of the LLC, indirect data of mass and energy inputs are taken from extensive industry-average data sets. Together with the system analysis of the lifestyle assessment, in accordance with ISO 14040 requirements, the data is then translated to calculate the environmental impacts of the system. Figure 3 below shows the 6 stage system analysis of the 5018 Sears taken from the Levies website, that starts from the cotton production till the end of life aft(prenominal) consumer use.Figure 3 LLC of a pair of Levies 501 Sears (http//alleviators. Com/sites/default/files/ liberationists/2012/4/ca-summary-2012-update. PDF) Phase 1 Goals and Scope Levies wanted their LLC to be done on a high wad product, produced for the U. S. Market during the 2006 production year. The Levi 5018, medium stonewashed Jean was chosen. The data compiled from Levi Strauss and Co. s suppliers is processed via Gab 4 software datasets, following the ISO 14040 series standards. The LLC was conducted by PEP Americas from Boston, MA.The results were mean for internal use and with the option to share selected data publicly after addition reviews. Phase 2 Inventory Analysis Figure 4 shows the system boundary of the Levies 501 Jean, from the different places where cotton is sources, the different production plants, distribution channels to its end. Figure 4 Levies 501 Jean System Boundary (Levi, 2013) Phase 3 tinct assessment After gathering information and data, Levies was able to measure the climate change, energy and water use of their best-selling Sears, with interesting results.A pair of original Levies has a global warming potential of 15 keg CA equivalent, consumes MAIM of energy in its production process and only has 1% of its ingredients that are recycled. (Gaskin, 2012) Figures 5-7 show a breakdown of the weight of different factors and their impacts. Unsurprisingly, the growth of cotton was the most water intensive stage in the LLC, with the usage of the Jean being the next highest. enjoyment however was by far, the biggest contributor of energy use and climate change.This is due to the long lifespan of the Jean (denim as a material can be quite hardy) and the instant wash cycles can add up significantly over time. Figure 5 Impacts on energy use (Levi, 2013) Figure 6 Impacts on water use (Levi, 2013) Figure 7 Impacts on climate change (Levi, 2013) Phase 4 Interpretation From the LLC, Levies realized that the majority of environmental impacts go in the lifestyle phases that are outside their direct control. Reducing the overall environmental impact requires a two-pronged approach of focusing on internal operations whilst engaging consumers.Internally, Levi started looking at cotton production at the farmers level, switching to organic cotton when possible and articulating in projects such as the Better cotton plant Initiative, as cotton growing is water intensive. They also reduced product packaging and tweaked product design and manufacturing to reduce their water and energy use- the water

The American National Anthem

The guinea pig hymn is a familiar tune to everybody. It is known as the Star shine criterion. Today, the Ameri ignore content anthem is sung forrader many different events. Some of those events include sporting events and presidential campaigns. The Star jeweled pennant is also notorious for its confu blabber and almost impossible to sing lyrics. The Star Spangled Banner was written by a second rate lawyer named Francis Scott Key. During the war of 1812 Francis Scott Key was taken guarantor on a British ship.He was held captive there during the Battle of fort McHenry where the British ships were barraging the fort with rockets and weapon throughout the night. But when the sun rose the next morning, Key found the American ease off, which only had 15 stars at the time, still standing on the Fort. That even inspired him to write the Star Spangled Banner which became our national anthem in 1931 when congress made it official. The National anthem is very commonly apply today. But not all of these instances are positive.For example before President Barack Obama became the president of the United States, He once refused to put his right hand over his heart before the tactical maneuvering of the Star Spangled Banner. As a defense he stated There are a lot of plenty in the world to whom the American flag is a symbol of oppression. And the anthem itself conveys a war-like message. You know, the bombs bursting in breeze and all. The bombs bursting in air is a part of the Star Spangled Banner lyrics. This represented the survival of Fort McHenry during the Battle of 1812.This is an interesting part of our history because Barack Obama later became our president. But because of this one event he impart be known as our president that refused to stand and honor the playing of the National Anthem. During nation childlike sporting events the National Anthem is played before the game. This is seen when people go to a baseball game, they play the national anthem before they begin the game. The National Anthem started first started to play during the 1918 World Series. It was a game between The Cubs and the Red Sox.The band started to play the National Anthem during the seventh-inning and both teams faced the centerfield flag pole and stood at attention. From that day on sporting events from all over the country started using the National Anthem. But it is now most commonly played before the event not during. The National Anthem is considered a very difficult meter to sing. Many professional and amateur singers mess up when they sing the Star Spangled Banner. For instance during the super bowl of 2011, Christina Aguilera was requested to sing the national anthem before the game.During her performance she mixed up the lines and stirred frenzy amongst the crowd. Christina Aguilera is a famous pop singer in America so this proves that even professional singers can mess up singing the national anthem. The National Anthem is Americas song. The National Anthem is used very widely among people of our country. It can be heard from sporting events to presidential campaigns. Although the Star Spangled Banner is a difficult song to sing it is still sung by many people young or old. This is our National Anthem.

Culture and packaging Essay

promotion is enumerateed to be an integral part of the product and is the first point of soupcon with the bell ringer for a consumer product. So, most of the companies that do business supranationally inflame number their packages for each market. The principle reasonableness is that expectations and utilizations of consumers vary across polishs. The worlds two leading industrial powers, U. S. and Japan absorb more or less opposite approaches to publicity. package is recognized as an expression of culture in Japan and designed to be appreciated, whereas in America cultural aspect is largely ignored and case is calculated to be accepted.Foods that plainly Japanese eat have beautiful, traditionally designed wrappings that resemble hand do paper or leaves and book scan able bar codes. Such products look Japanese and atomic number 18 intended to do so. Products that are foreign, such as coffee, look foreign even to the point of having only Roman lettering on the can. We speak of global villages and international markets, but packages reveal few unexpected cultural boundaries.Few examples of such cultural implication of packaging are- Canadians prefer to drink milk out of flexible plastic pouches that shot into reusable plastic holders while Americans are believed to be so resistant to the idea that they have non been given the opportunity to do so, Japanese consumers prefer packages that contain two tennis balls and view the beat U. S. package of three as cheap and undesirable, Germans insist on highly detailight-emitting diode technical particularations on packages of videotapes, while Americans dont, Swedes consider blue emblazon of packaging as masculine whereas Dutch consider it to be feminine and so on.(Eric, J. A. et al. , 2004, p. 298) Culture & Packaging distort Schmitt and Simpson (1997) states, touch is one and only(a) of the many trade tools that global managers use to create, maintain, and turn brand images in customers mind s while Schmitt and Pan (1994) discovers, food coloring is also an of the essence(p) component of many incarnate and brand-building cues, such as boy, packages, and displays. It is a commonality reflecting in the views of both the authors that- Colour is one of the major fraction which affects consumer perception regarding a brand.The research results show cross-cultural patterns of both relation and dissimilarity in Colour mouthfuls and Colour meaning associations. Colour apply in packaging is equally Copernican in determining a products desirability. James Mandle, a Colour consultant, changed the Colour of Ty-D-Bols toilet bowl cleanser bottle from light and green to stark white earn on a dark background. He believed that the original color were too wimpy and that the new, bolder influence would incriminate intensity level and cleanliness. In an 18 month period following the change of Colour, sales of Ty-D-Bol jumped 40% (Lane 1991). (Thomas, J. M. et al. , 2000, p. 91) Packaging is not rough Colour only there are various other factors involved in it. Factors like design shape of the package, text on the package and other factors of the packaging. But it is true that Colour is the most main(prenominal) attribute in terms of attracting the attention of the consumer. Packaging is not only made up of a single Colour but combination of Colours to create a brand image. So preferences in regard to combination of Colours also vary across cultures. Few examples of such combinations are of pairing Colours with green and red.The Colour best paired with green is yellow in Canada, Hong Kong, China, and Taiwan, blue in Columbia, and white in Austria. Only the Chinese and Taiwanese pair green with red as red is a potent Colour in China. In Brazil and the US plenty pair red with black, whereas in Canada, and China, the preferred combination with red is yellow. ( Mooij and Marieke K. de, 2004) Culture & Packaging Information Packaging not only protects an d contains a product but also provide the consumer with loads of information about the product such as its composition, correct use etc.For instance, packaging of foodstuffs and pharmaceuticals provides information regarding the name of the product, manufacturer, verdant of origin, best before date and expiry date, ingredients and additives or composition of drug along with quantity and price. Since packaging is subject to coun stress-specific legislation so ear of legal action has made many companies in the US and the UK includes all sorts of warnings on label instructions on consumer goods. On bar of Dial soap Directions intake like regular soap. On a Sears hairdryer Do not use while sleeping. On packaging for a Rowenta iron Do not iron clothes on body. On Nytol sleep fear Warning May cause drowsiness. On a childs Superman costume exhausting of this garment does not enable you to fly. On Sainsburys peanuts Warning contains nuts. On Marks & Spencer bread pud Product will b e hot ulterior heating. On Boots childs cough medicine Do not drive a car or operate machinery after taking this medication. ( Mooij and Marieke K. de, 2004, p. 265) In the present scenario various countries have included packaging waste into hazardous depicted object to contribute in pollution.This led the government to adopt some policies to restrict the use of non recyclable products as a packaging material where it is not required. These have also posed challenge among business organizations to try and find out recyclable materials and present themselves as a responsible corporate citizen among the stakeholders. This is also one aspect of culture which leads to this kind of environmental concern approach. Culture & Packaging Images/Pictures Imagery is an important element of packaging, as it enhances the accessibility of packaging information.As said by Bolen (1984), visual information in advertisements primarily attracted more attention and was noticed before verbal adve rt content. While Alesandrini (1982) declared, visual information may serve to attract consumers attention and set expectations for the contents of the verbal elements the visual information thus serving as an advance organizer for the verbal elements of packaging. (Underwood et al. , 2001) Different culture recognizes various symbols contrastingly with contrastive meanings altogether.Picture that is very(prenominal) meaningful for state in one culture as it expresses important determine of that culture can be completely meaningless to the people of the other culture. For instance, a box of ananas cookies sold in Singapore has an image of a lion, as in Singapore lion is considered to be a symbol of royalty. Hence, if the similar box of cookies is launched in UK it wont be given tantamount(predicate) importance as in Singapore collect to the differences lying in culture. Culture & Packaging conversation Customer or prospect judges the products on the basis of its name as head.Language used on the product package including its brand or product name creates impression among consumers. Consumer interprets the information selectively on the basis of his culture and his own personalised factors. Different aspects of marketing communications like corporate identity, brand name, package design, and advertising styles impacts consumer in certain ways. Marketing communications styles are interrelated with personal communication styles. Chinese-speaking consumers tend to judge a brand name based on its visual call down whereas English speakers judge brand name based on whether the name sounds appealing.In Asia, visual symbolization is a key aspect of a firms corporate identity. A comparative analyze of package design across seven countries found that packages differ both in three-dimensional design and in the way they communicate through graphical design and vary in the use of textual information use of Colour, shape, and symbolism and degree of structur e and detail in the package design. All the above differences are highly forged by culture. Even the product kin is influenced by the packaging design, for example deodourant is communicated differently from cigarettes, and that is reflected in its design of the packaging.( Mooij and Marieke K. de, 2004, p. 213) Why it is important to understand culture & differences in cultures? It is always very important for a marketer to understand the culture of his target market place. Many good products have failed in the market only due to ignorance of socio- cultural aspects. There are underlying components that influence culture such as religion, family, customs, politics, weather, etc, which must be taken into account when marketing products on an international basis.Consequently, it is important for marketers to be aware of the 25% of cultural differences in the world market to promote their product properly. Therefore, it is of keen importance to understand similarities and differen ces in culture which also affects the consumer purchasing behaviours across the cultures. (Weber, J. M. et al. , 2002, p. 396) Tastes and preferences of consumers vary in different part of world. In the atomic number 63an continent itself consumer preferences and taste varies so much that retailers Marks & Spencer had to made different advertising campaigns for each country.Initially Marks & Spencer has a single uniform advertising for the whole of Europe in 2001. Later it recognized its weakness and immediately changed the advertising campaign according to the taste and preference of different parts of European continent at the end of 2001. Toyotas model Camry was a massive success in US which it tried to launch in UK market in 2000. It was a broad failure due to difference in the lifestyle and cultural set up of these two countries. Toyota re-launched it later with changes in the model according to the European culture and it was a huge success.Companies have to estimate the str ength of their products along with the market they are trying to trap irrespective of their own brand name and value. peerless of the mistakes by the snacks giant Kelloggs is Indian market was with its breakfast cereals. Within Indian culture people tend to eat heavy breakfast in the morning. In such market breakfast cereals as a healthier alternative to the heavy Indian breakfast was unattractive offer to the Indians. Later on company improved its communication strategies and compared it with traditional chapattis (Indian breads). Even in that case Kelloggs could sell to a Westernized niche market only.So it is quite clear from the above examples that thorough ground of the culture as well as its differences across cultures is very important to survive in todays free-enterprise(a) environment. There are some other companies which have done very well in understanding various markets on socio-cultural dimensions like Disney, Pizza hut, dominos, Mc-Donalds and others. victor pf th ese brands was result of their conscious effort to have got the significance of culture in their minds. These companies went local irrespective of their global operations for each and every market for them. One such example is Mc-Donalds.The reasons behind success of Mc-Donalds in foreign markets apart from a strong brand image and consistent service a standard around the world is, its advertising which is local and its product offer has a local touch. Examples are the Kiwi burger in New Zealand the maharaja Mac in India the Prosperity burger in Malaysia the Teriyaki burger in Japan the McKorket in the Netherlands McLaks, a grilled salmon burger, in Norway and the Croque McDo in France that refers to the popular French Croque Monseiur, a hot ham and cheese sandwich. Advertising by McDonalds in France tied into local habits and symbols.In 2001, for example, advertising for McDonald in France tied into Asterix and Obelisk, the most notable historical cartoon of the nation. Hence, localization makes it increasingly important for marketing and advertising people to understand the influence of culture. ( Mooij and Marieke K. de, 2004, p. 18) Importance of Colours can not be ignored in the case of international markets. Colours are associated with different cultural beliefs, moods and meanings. Understanding of these aspects of Colour, culture and society helps the organization to develop appropriate strategy.As said by (Kirmani 1997 Schmitt and Pan 1994), one marketing cue that global managers can use heedless of location is Colour. The effects of culture on the meaning associated with Colours are very critical for international marketing purposes. Wagner, the creator of the Wagner Colour Research Institute, contends that Colours are associated with certain images (Lane 1991). For example, Blue is associated with wealth, trust, and security gray is associated with strength, exclusively, and success and orange denotes cheapness.These associations may explain w hy banks are more likely to Colour their logos and collateral using Blue or Gray rather than orange ( Seitel 1993). It is cultural background due to which Colour has a strong effect on choice of a customer. It is important to understand which Colours are preferred by people in different cultures. It will help to create, maintain, or modify brand images in consumers minds. The associated with Colours and combination of Colours are important to understand for any marketer. Colour combinations are considered culturally bound with certain ideologies and traditions (Geboy 1996).For example, black on red signifies happiness to Chinese people and is commonly used for wedding invitations while a combination of red over white represents celebration and signifies the life force to the Japanese ( Tektronix 1998). (Thomas, J. M. et al. , 2000) After Colour it is cultural beliefs which have impact on the consumer minds. It is important to understand the beliefs related to target product kinsper son within the target market place. For instance in India people feel that ancient herbal methods are good choices over the cosmetic options available today.This led various cosmetics company in India to launch their promotional programs comparing their product with traditional methods or presentation the products equivalent to the traditional benefits. In these leading brands like Lux, Fair & Lovely and many others are present. Success of a fair and lovely brand due to the fact that Indians believe fairness is beautiful. Vicco turmeric emollient is another example which positioned itself as a cream that would be useful for would-be brides to enhance their complexions, as applying turmeric for skin care is a part of the Indian tradition.These types of behaviour which are associated with a specific culture or belief can also be associated with different product categories such as, for instance, the bindi listless in most parts of India. It is important that the brand name selected for such a product category should have an ethnic-sounding name whereas a Western name is prone to be counter-productive. (S Ramesh Kumar, 2003) Another product category is food where the role of mother and grand mother is considered important. This is the reason all spices, traditional quick meals and readying oil etc contain some or more of the mothers recipe kind of concept.not only that change in the societal socio-cultural structure can also be seen as some of the advertisement in India show modern man helping their women in their work as well like washing clothes or taking care of child. There is a strong ingest to understand and consider the culture which constitutes of the values, beliefs and habits of consumers which show a discrepancy across the nations. The other aspect of the changing cultural environment and upcoming trends are also important to understand.

Learning and Teaching Standard Grade Physical Education

This assignment give look into the effectivity of cooperative con tune move around during guess lessons in Standard trend corporal Education ( SG PE ) by presenting and set uping a constructivist larning environment within my schoolroom. The assignment give visor the methods utilise and the ensuing entropys from this short survey and mettle somewhatlight hereafter explicatement chances.IntroductionHaving neer officially been taught how to learn theory lessons for certification Physical Education I found my ego following a standardized lesson format where the students go close to the instructor, waiting for the transmittal of wisdom ( Sotto 1994 ) . I found my lessons followed a exchangeable, basic construction in which I wouldSet forbidden my purposes and aims for the lesson, refer back to old charm covered and identified my larn purposes.I would explicate the current instance and inquire for learner handling clack anterior intuition.I would generate an aca demic initiate related to the melodic theme.I would summarize what has been covered and how it will associate with the following lesson/ series of lessons.The lessons were planned harmonizing to the section medium and long term programs to plight the content was covered at the designated curry graduated tables, nearlything indispensable for Standard Grade Physical Education, peculiarly due to the obvious scrutiny crush per unit argonas.My perceptual hand over sex of these lesson were that they were prospering as they had fluctuation in footings of the degree of treatments taking topographicalal point and types of trade union movements related to the content, coupled with the fact that my formal scrutiny consequences from tuition this manner were unfeignedly solid, ( harmonizing to SQA statistics ) . However, I matte up the charter to research different methods of learning to guarantee that as a professional, I was go intoing the eruditeness demands of the students in my family unit and developing my ain instruction competences. I was doubting that the method of learning at onceadays within my schoolroom at this lop was supplying a ambitious adequate setting for the students in my category, hence I was acute to look into other larning methodological analysiss. One method that interested me was the cultivation of a constructivist schoolroom.In this assignment I will detail the methodological analysis select to implement the rules of constructivism, supply account sing the necessary intercession that was required and highlight the students perceptual go through sing this new larning methodological analysis and what they felt the clashing to their acquisition was.Data CollectionIn this survey it was necessary to apply devil chief types of nurtures aggregation. First, the usage of picture entering to capture crowd treatment, assemblage argument reach picnic undertakings and concluding presentations. The 2nd method of swearations aggregation was in the signifier of written knowledge via larning logs, rank signifiers specifically associating to the sort out presentations and concluding repress rating questionnaires. This written information was designed to place the students perceptual experience of the subject how it was planned, carried out and what the students felt were the chief strengths and failings of litigateing this manner and critically place the impact on their acquisition.I felt that the informations aggregation methods were appropriate to the undertaking and provided relevant informations. However the deepness of information was the firebird facet of the whether the chosen methods were effectual or non. For illustration, the larning logs were one facet of the written informations that provided the most unsatisfying quality of information and one method that I may non utilize in the hereafter, the students did non lucubrate on the replies to the inquiries and did non supply me valid and utile information.The usage of picture recording was wholly new to me in a schoolroom scene and one time the students were used to elaborateing with a picture recording equipment it provided some first-class information and provided a true penetration into the pigeonholing puting. The questionnaires provided me a valuable penetration into the students ideas and tangings well-nigh how successful this subject was and this method allowed me to measure the overall ack-ack. As with any type of research, the method chosen will hold strengths and failings. I throw summarised these below in tabular arraies 1 and 2Strengths & A Weaknesses of Video Camera RecordingsTable 1StrengthsFailingsEnables all give tongue to of affairss to be invariably reviewed.Beginning of jobs can be diagnosed.behavioural forms of instructor and students can be seen.Forms of advancement over long periods can be distinctly charted. chamberpot be really conspicuous and distracting.If camera is directed by op erator, it will and enter that which he or she deems to be of importance operator acts as editor.( Beginning Hopkins 2002 )The usage of picture recording allowed me to garner information straight associating to the group treatment it encapsulated the nature of the treatments and provided a footing from which the particular discourse could be analysed. This was improbably helpful when the subsisting quality of treatment was scrutinised.Strengths & A Weaknesses of QuestionnairesTable 2StrengthsFailingsEasy to administrate quick to piddle full inEasy to follow upProvides direct comparing of groups and personsProvides feedback onAttitudesadequateness of resourcesAdequacy of instructor aidPreparation for following sessionDecisions at terminal of term.Datas are quantifiable abstract is clip devouringExtensive readying to acquire clear and relevant inquiriesDifficult to acquire inquiries that seek deepnessEffectiveness depends really ofttimes on reading ability and comprehension o f the kidChildren may be fearful of replying honestlyChildren will seek to bring forth right replies( Beginning Hopkins 2002 )I felt that the terminal of topic rating questionnaire provided me with an penetration into the positions of the students and provided me with a footing to work from. The feedback from the students was utile as it gave me an apprehension of their perceptual experience of my schemes and provided me with way for future development. The consequences from the pupil rating signifiers ( both group and self rating ) provided me with quantitative informations that could be fed back to the students during the plenary session at the terminal of the block, this information was utile as it provided information on the group scores and informed the students which group they thought provided the surpass presentation. ( See attachment? ? for this information ) .Both methods of informations aggregation provided valid and utile information which was analysed and used to inf orm the participants ( and myself ) of the consequences of working this manner. There was qualitative informations produced in the signifier of the transcripts which were annotated and via the terminal of subject student rating questionnaires. They were scrutinised to place relevant information that could inform farther contour. Quantitative information was produced by the students in the signifier of their appraisal of each others presentations and from their ain ego rating signifiers. This information was straightforward to analyze and as mentioned provided an built-in piece of ground of the plenary session.RationaleLearning TheoriesHaving gained intimately 10 old ages of learning experience I found myself in an whimsical place where I was approximately to build down a new subject with my S3 SG PE category with no existent program to map out the advancement of the category acquisition and apprehension of their new subject. I felt aroused and terrified in live steps of foll owing a constructivist charge still I felt comforted by the sum of research I had under affectn in following this attack and felt confident of the benefits that the students would derive from larning this manner. To state I had no existent program in topographic point would non be purely true as in my head I had a psychic image of how I would wish the way of larning to take but as will be seen by and by in this survey this is the Southern Cross of the instructor release control of their schoolroom and inquiring the students to take charge of their ain acquisition as at times it will take you to some impress topographic points. ( Clarke, 2005 ) . One critical constituent of this impression was organizing my schoolroom to guarantee the students co-operated in a collaborative stylus in little groups.Wood ( 1998 ) summarises Vygotsky s position of acquisition as co-operatively achieved success and this is something that I as a practioner wanted to research farther. I felt the rule of co-operation was something that I did of course, nevertheless, after see I realised that the co-operation I assumed was move oning, was between the students and myself as category instructor and non the students with their equals. Vygotsky suggests that kids learn by direction from others and the acquisition procedure is strengthened if the undertaking is learnt in a co-operative mode. After scrutiny, I felt that for the benefit of my pattern I had to look into different methods of learning theory lessons in PE to guarantee that existent acquisition can take topographic point ( Sotto 1994 ) .Literature from Learning and Teaching Scotland ( LTS, 2009 ) environing Curriculum for uprightness ( aCfE. ) highlights the importance of using active and collaborative acquisition methods to h eighteren the larning experience based on rules of judgement is For Learning ( AiFL ) . This provided me with the drift to critically analyze my attacks to learning. After reading Brooks and Brooks ( 1999 ) description of the constructivist schoolroom and besides the impact constructivist rules can hold on the effectual usage of formative appraisal ( Clarke, 2005 ) I wanted to look into the application of such rules and mensurate the impact this would do on my instruction. As Clarke ( 2005 ) high spots, some practioners avoid hazards due to being embedded in old ways of learning and I was determined non to go such a instructor, I planned to sour this by consistently releasing control of the way of larning to the students.I wanted to look into the chance of the students taking charge of the way of their acquisition by passing over every bit much control to the category in a move towards making a constructivist larning environment. I organised the students in to groups of foursome, seeking to guarantee each group was every bit diverse as possible in footings of academic ability and friendly alliance groups. I wanted to guarantee that the members of the group would non be over familiar with each other as that may impede the quality of the work produced ( Azmitia & A Hesser, 1993 ) . It was critical that the students understood and appreciated that there would be a alteration to their normal lesson format and this afforded me the chance to supply an account of why I was following a constructivist manner and why I was seting them in charge.Bruner ( 1990 ) provides the undermentioned rules of constructivistic acquisition stress must be concerned with the experiences and contexts that pretend the student willing and able to larn ( preparedness ) .Direction must be structured so that it can be easy grasped by the student ( coiling administration ) .Direction should be designed to ease extrapolation and or make full in the spreads ( travelling beyond the information given ) .Advocates of a constructivistic attack suggest that instructors should foremost see the cognition and experiences of their students. The school course of engage should so b e built so that students can spread out and develop this cognition and experience by linking them to new acquisition. Whereas, candidates of the behavioral attack, on the other manus, advocate first make up ones minding what cognition or follow upments students should begin and so developing course of study that will supply for their development. ( Huitt, 2009 ) .I was really witting of being true to the Bruner s above rules as I wanted to guarantee I knew all the necessary and relevant information sing the students old experiences related to this subject. To make this I met with the biological science section. There are natural crossing overs between Biology and PE and this meeting allowed me the chance to size up the subject content in the S1-3 course of study and utilize this information to estimate a scratch point for the first brainstorming undertaking. I wanted the students to show preparedness to larn ( Bruner, 1990 ) .Using a model developed by Dunn and Larson ( 1998 ) to explicate the procedure of implementing simple degree engineering course of study, Alesandrini and Larson ( 2002 ) qualify 10 events that provide the foundation for a constructivistic attack to learning and larning. These 10 events were so categorised into atomic number 23 chief constituents of an effectual constructivistic lesson/ series of lessons probe, innovation, execution, rating, and jubilation. This became the foundation of my attack to cultivating a constructivist larning environment and the specific attack will be detailed within the timeline subdivision of this ego survey.The first undertaking for the students was to come up with a subject rubric through a whole category verbal treatment ( they agreed upon physical structure in Action ) and became the focal point of this group work session, to my surprise this subject rubric was non as well dissimilar from the class stuff in PE which asks students to look into The Human Body in Action, ( it became clear that thi s subject rubric was besides the same rubric the Biology section uses-possible happenstance? ) .The students were so given devil undertakings one an person undertaking which was to wind up a acquisition log ( See appendix? ? for nevertheless inside informations ) the 2nd undertaking was a group undertaking that manifold the students brainstorming about the subject content around this new rubric. This session was filmed and the resulting discourse was transcribed and analysed. See appendix? ? for illustrations of pupil work from these insight seancess. From this analysis it became evident that the quality of the group treatment I had hoped the category would accomplish was manner below the expected criterion. This critical incident became the focal point of my first intercession as it challenged my thought by coercing me to look into the ground why the sign group work was of such a hapless criterion.To antagonize this I investigated comparings with the work undertaken by Merce r ( cited in Wegerif et al 1999 ) it became evident that the quality of treatment could be categorised as what Mercer suck ups as disputational talk . This type of talk is characterised by dissension and severalize determination devising. There were few efforts to pool resources, or to offer constructive unfavorable judgment or suggestions. Disputational talk besides has some characteristic discourse characteristics notably short exchanges dwelling of averments and counter-assertions ( Mercer, 1996 ) . This was demonstrated by the deficiency of verbal interaction of group 2 and the independent determination doing made by JW who interestingly was the member of the group keeping the pen, suggestions were seldom offered and when this occurred the suggestions made were met with neglect instead than enthusiasm to research the thoughts advertize ( See appendix? ? for the annotated trascipt ) . Therefore, it was necessary to place why this was go oning and how I could better the quali ty of group treatment.The precedence for me as a practioner was to seek and place methods whereby the group work undertaken started to come on towards preliminary talk ( Mercer, 1996 ) . This highlights the implicit in rule that Gillies and Khan ( 2007 ) commentate on that students need to be explicitly taught how to work successfully in groups. Therefore before I could continue look intoing the cultivation of a constructivist schoolroom, I had to look into how to promote each group to work co-operatively. This was done by using the rules environing successful group work as studied by Gillies ( 2004 ) , these wereActively listening to others Deciding struggles democratically communion thoughtsWorking with others to measure the group s advancement.I set the category three distinct job work outing challenges in an effort to better their abilities to work together two in groups of eight and one in the original groups of four. I felt this attack was non except relevant to this age group but related to the research undertaken by Gillies would give some really promising consequences. It was my purpose to guarantee that the nature of these job work outing undertakings forced the groups to interact in a constructive mode by supplying co-operatively achieved aims.All members of the group were every bit of import to the success of work outing the undertaking, therefore it was necessary that all positions were considered but more than significantly valued. Decisions had to be made on a democratic footing which involved all members of the group working together to make the common end, this would merely be achieved by actively listening to each other and making inferings that all members were consulted upon, but more significantly agreed upon. It was at this point I assessed the impact of these sessionss by analyzing the treatment of group two to place the degree of betterment made, this was critical to guarantee that the students were in a place to transport on w ith their undertaking work.From my analysis it was evident that there was now an betterment in the type of treatments the group were involved in sufficient plenty for me to be confident that the move towards utilizing constructivist rules with this category was traveling to be sizable for the students. ( See appendix? ? for annotated transcript ) . This meant that I could once more follow the constructivist principle with assurance.TimelineProbeSession 1 class organised into groups. Explanation given to pupils to inform them that they were in charge of their acquisition for this block. Class treatment sing subject rubric.Session 2Each group brainstorms and enter a list of words / footings they feel are associated with the subject rubric Body in Action .Session 3Spider plot / head map is produced by each group detailing what they feel are the relevant countries of probe.Session 4Amalgamation of all four programs by B Sloan to place 4 subject countries. preventative Session 1Due to the hapless quality of treatment taking topographic point, it was necessary to work on the groups abilities to co-operate and work in a collaborative mode.Intervention Session 2Invention and Initial ImplementationSession 5 host set a mini undertaking to set up if any betterment had been made in footings of collaborative group work. Sufficient betterment made and each group selects project focal point.Session 6Group probe work at library.Session 7Group probe work at library utilizing computing machines.Further Implementation and EvaluationSession 81st bill of exchange of presentations, polish and initial rating.CelebrationSession 9Concluding presentations by each group.Session 10Plenary session and proclamation of win presentation.DiscussionAs stated antecedently Alesandrini and Larson ( 2002 ) specified 10 events that I have used as the foundation for my attack to constructivistic acquisition. These wereProbeContextualising As category instructor I explained the procedure to the whole category, so worked with students in little groups to dish up them link their old experiences to the undertaking at manus.Clarifying I asked the students to discourse the undertaking among themselves in their groups of four and as instructor I facilitated the students as they strived to find what they needed to cognize in order to finish the undertaking.Asking During this phase the students begin the procedure of geting the necessary cognition and accomplishments they needed to finish the undertaking as category instructor I tried to ease this procedure by inquiring inquiries and assisting students place and examine believable resources.Invention and Initial ImplementationPlanning Students in each group begin to organize their cognition and develop some initial programs as to how to near the undertaking.Gaining Students develop a first bill of exchange or get downing merchandise that will run into the stated standards for the undertaking. Each little group will develop an original attack and no two will look precisely bidwise.Further Implementation and EvaluationTesting The students check their undertaking against the standards to see if it meets the specifications. It is expected that the first effort will necessitate some or several alterations.Modifying Students process their undertaking in footings of lacks they may hold identified. They so retest and modify until they have a finished undertaking that meets the declared standards.Interpretation Pupils describe the value of the undertaking relation to their backgrounds and experience they portion this with their ain group.Reflecting Students protract their ratings of the undertaking and set it in larger context.CelebrationCelebration Students present their undertakings to the larger group while the larger group acknowledges the value of the attempt and consequences of the group and assesses the public presentation of each group in 3 classs.Having now completed the subject, I asked the category to finish a questionnaire to estimate their response to this new attack ( appendix? ? ) . 11 out of 16 students noticed that the subject was different to the old 1. They noticed that more clip in schoolroom making group work we worked in groups more and Mr Sloan did less speaking we had to make a presentation our presentations were filmed and we used the smartboards Body in Action was the first subject we have done that we really spoke about, the first 1 was done through practical work It was much more groupy and chatty every bit good as synergistic we spent a visual sense of clip in the schoolroom alternatively of making it outside we planned it as a category When asked about what they enjoyed about the subject, they responded I enjoyed happening facts about the organic structure, I did nt cognize there were so many articulations. I besides liked the job work outing undertakings Bing able to larn a batch of things about the organic structure we did nt cognize Planning fo r our presentations and utilizing the computing machines to look into the bosom. I like watching the groups making their presentations Research for the presentations It was merriment the subject was interesting The students were besides given the chance to state what they did non bask about the subject. Very few responded sometimes my group mucked about and were lazy Being bossed about presentation was chilling When asked about what they felt they learned from this subject they said A batch about the organic structure and how it kit and boodle how the human skeleton is put together how the organic structure works during athletics and PE tonss about the bosom and lungs When asked which subject was best for their acquisition, 12 chose Body in Action. Although there were clearly some students who did non prosecute with this subject every bit to the full as others, the bulk of students enjoyed it and agreed that it was good to their acquisition. The two most common subjects run ning through the student responses is their grasp of the chance to lend to the training of the subject and the fluctuation of activities particularly during the research prior to making their presentations, it is interesting that they value their engagement in structuring their ain acquisition so extremely and bask research work.My ain appraisal of the subject was similar to the students. I was encouraged and inspired by the results of the attacks used throughout. By merely get downing the subject from a somewhat altered point of view, the full acquisition procedure altered. Alternatively of stating the category what we were traveling to make, I was inquiring the category what they wanted to larn. At each phase, I felt this altered point of view raised the motive of the category which led to an highly dynamic and energetic schoolroom which was pore on larning. This acquisition, was besides much more varied than in the yesteryear. Equally good as larning the necessary facts sing t he human organic structure, the students were besides developing their accomplishments, runing from working in a group, to planning and demonstrate information. This is really much in line with the aims of aCfE.Those recommending a constructivistic attack should ever see that there are a assortment of rules from larning theories that can be utilised within application of constructivism. For illustration, when working on a student s larning it is surely appropriate to learn a particular accomplishment utilizing direct direction, stay fresh the students practising the accomplishment, and supplying disciplinary feedback to guarantee command starts to happen. The major issue is whether to get down with a course of study that is taught step-by-step in an inductive mode as suggested by the behavior theoreticians or to get down with the student s cognition and apprehensions and assist the kid fill in spreads necessary to work out a situation-specific job as suggested by the constructivis ts.Principles of larning from an information treating position such as recognizing the boundary of short-run memory, supplying many chances for students to place the connexion between anterior cognition to current acquisition, and recognizing the demand for separated pattern can besides be implemented within a constructivistic attack. Again, the major specialisation is in where to get down with a predesigned course of study or with the student s experiences and cognition base.This so begs the inquiry, what is the right attack? In my position the reply is both If we start with the student s cognition base before we have established coveted terminal ends, there is a cutpurse to hold the students merely do advancement, thereby restricting students who are non adequately prepared. These students may develop equal thought accomplishments, but can hold big spreads in their cognition and accomplishments. On the other manus, if weA focal point merely on coveted terminal ends, particula rly knowledge ends, without consideration of the student s acquired cognition and background, we run the hazard of developing cognition and accomplishments that have no significance to the scholar and are hence easy forgotten.DecisionThe purpose of this ego survey was to critically reflect on my instruction pattern in order to place progressive paths with which my abilities as a practioner are enhanced. I attempted to make this by look intoing the usage of collaborative group work during theory lessons in Standard Grade Physical Education through the debut and constitution of a constructivist larning environment within my schoolroom. I have adopted attacks that were different to my old pattern in a systematic manner, in order to argufy me as both a scholar and as a instructor. I have found myself exhausting to change over my schoolroom from an Orthodox instructive one, to one based on the rules of constructivism within a collaborative group puting. The types of job work outing ch allenges I used acted as an debut into how group work can be developed but I am realistic plenty to understand that this should be an on-going procedure instead than a one-off speedy hole. These types of challenges will inform the students of the potency of group work but will non hold a durable consequence on future group work.For cardinal alterations to happen when these students work in groups there must be a alteration in the students head and this must be reinforced every lesson, therefore the success of this factor may be out with the parametric quantities or timescale of this survey. However, what encouraged me was that even after this short intercession I was pleased to describe that sufficient betterments had been made and the group work progressed to a point whereby the students produced some first-class presentations.This voyage has non merely exposed the scholars to new methods of schoolroom working it has besides enabled me to travel out of my comfort zone and happen motive and challenge in following a new attack, something I have exhaustively enjoyed making. This journey has inspired me to keep the impulse gained by making this ego survey and place other countries of learning Physical Education that could profit from following this attack to acquisition.